Joachim Wildberger

Professor

Joachim Wildberger is full Professor of Radiology and Chairman of the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at Maastricht UMC+. In addition, he serves as Director of the Division of Clinical Imaging and Diagnostic Laboratories at Maastrcith UMC+.

Graduated at the Rhenian-Westphalian Technical University (RWTH) in Aachen, Germany, he received his medical degree in 1994. After internships in Cardiology and Diagnostic Radiology (Mönchengladbach/ Leipzig), he started his residency in Diagnostic Radiology at the University Hospital Aachen. He was board certified for Diagnostic Radiology in December 1998, and became a fellow/staff member at this department thereafter. He received his PhD in Radiology in 2002, was appointed as vice-chairman of the department in 2006 and received a professorship at the RWTH Aachen in 2007. In July 2007 he became Head of Department, Diagnostic Radiology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Charité Berlin, Campus Buch, Germany, before moving to his present position.

His per personal research topics are technical developments and functional imaging in computed tomography, contrast media research, cardiac imaging as well as image-guided interventions.

As PI for Imaging within CARIM he focusses on translational research, integrating different imaging modalities into the cardiovascular diagnostic chain, and favours multidisciplinary approaches to improve patient care.

Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht 
PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht
Room number: 4.G2.013
T: +31(0)43 387 49 12

  • 2023
    • McDermott, M. C., Hendriks, B. M. F., Wildberger, J. E., & de Boer, S. W. (2023). Shaken or Stirred? The Inconsistencies of Manual Contrast Media Dilution in Endovascular Interventions. Investigative Radiology, 58(11), 811-815. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000994
    • de Wit-Verheggen, V. H. W., Vanweert, F., Raiko, J., Liénard, V., Schaart, G., Gemmink, A., Nascimento, E. B. M., Hesselink, M. K. C., Wildberger, J. E., Wierts, R., Joris, P. J., Haas, J., Montaigne, D., Staels, B., Phielix, E., Schrauwen, P., Schrauwen-Hinderling, V. B., & van de Weijer, T. (2023). The tissue-specific metabolic effects of the PPARα agonist ciprofibrate in insulin-resistant male individuals: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Obesity, 31(10), 2493-2504. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23874
    • Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N., Brauer, M. T. H., Mihl, C., Laupman, E., Nijssen, E. C., Wildberger, J. E., Martens, B., & van Pul, C. (2023). A New Algorithm for Automatically Calculating Noise, Spatial Resolution, and Contrast Image Quality Metrics: Proof-of-Concept and Agreement With Subjective Scores in Phantom and Clinical Abdominal CT. Investigative Radiology, 58(9), 649-655. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000954
    • Raafs, A. G., Adriaans, B. P., Henkens, M. T. H. M., Verdonschot, J. A. J., Abdul Hamid, M. A., Díez, J., Knackstedt, C., van Empel, V. P. M., Brunner-La Rocca, H. P., González, A., Wildberger, J. E., Heymans, S. R. B., & Hazebroek, M. R. (2023). Biomarkers of Collagen Metabolism Are Associated with Left Ventricular Function and Prognosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Multi-Modal Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(17), Article 5695. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175695
    • Kassem, M., Nies, K. P. H., Boswijk, E., van der Pol, J., Aizaz, M., Gijbels, M. J. J., Li, D., Bucerius, J., Mess, W. H., Wildberger, J. E., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., Moonen, R. P. M., Fan, Z., & Kooi, M. E. (2023). Quantification of carotid plaque composition with a multi-contrast atherosclerosis characterization (MATCH) MRI sequence. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10, Article 1227495. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1227495
    • Ganizada, B. H., Reesink, K. D., Parikh, S., Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., Akbulut, A. C., Saraber, P. J. M. H., Debeij, G. P., Jaminon, A. M., Natour, E., Lorusso, R., Wildberger, J. E., Mees, B., Schurink, G. W., Jacobs, M. J., Cleutjens, J., Krapels, I., Gombert, A., Maessen, J. G., Accord, R., ... MUMC TAA Student Team (2023). The Maastricht Acquisition Platform for Studying Mechanisms of Cell-Matrix Crosstalk (MAPEX): An Interdisciplinary and Systems Approach towards Understanding Thoracic Aortic Disease. Biomedicines, 11(8), Article 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082095
    • Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., Westenberg, J. J. M., Adriaans, B. P., Nijssen, E. C., Wildberger, J. E., Lamb, H. J., & Schalla, S. (2023). A clinician's guide to understanding aortic 4D flow MRI. Insights into Imaging, 14(1), Article 114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-023-01458-x
    • Wildberger, J. E. E., & Alkadhi, H. (2023). New Horizons in Vascular Imaging With Photon-Counting Detector CT. Investigative Radiology, 58(7), 499-504. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000957
    • Sartoretti, T., Wildberger, J. E., Flohr, T., & Alkadhi, H. (2023). Photon- counting detector CT: early clinical experience review. British Journal of Radiology, 96(1147), Article 20220544. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20220544
    • Lobbes, M. B. I., Neeter, L. M. F. H., Raat, F., Turk, K., Wildberger, J. E., van Nijnatten, T. J. A., & Nelemans, P. J. (2023). The performance of contrast-enhanced mammography and breast MRI in local preoperative staging of invasive lobular breast cancer. European Journal of Radiology, 164(1), Article 110881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110881
    • Nies, H. M. J. M., Martens, B., Gommers, S., Bijvoet, G. P., Wildberger, J. E., Ter Bekke, R. M. A., Holtackers, R. J., & Mihl, C. (2023). Myocardial Scar Detection Using High-Resolution Free-Breathing 3D Dark-Blood and Standard Breath-Holding 2D Bright-Blood Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI: A Comparison of Observer Confidence. Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 32(3), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/RMR.0000000000000304
    • de Wit-Verheggen, V. H. W., Schrauwen-Hinderling, V. B., Brouwers, K., Joergensen, J. A., Schaart, G., Gemmink, A., Nascimento, E. B. M., Hesselink, M. K. C., Wildberger, J. E., Segers, P., Montaigne, D., Staels, B., Schrauwen, P., Lindeboom, L., Hoeks, J., & van de Weijer, T. (2023). PCr/ATP ratios and mitochondrial function in the heart. A comparative study in humans. Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article 8346. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35041-7
    • Geering, L., Sartoretti, T., Mergen, V., Cundari, G., Rusek, S., Civaia, F., Rossi, P., Wildberger, J. E., Templin, C., Manka, R., Eberhard, M., & Alkadhi, H. (2023). First in-vivo coronary stent imaging with clinical ultra high resolution photon-counting CT. Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, 17(3), 233-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2023.02.009
    • Fuchs, C. J., Kuipers, R., Rombouts, J. A., Brouwers, K., Schrauwen-Hinderling, V. B., Wildberger, J. E., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2023). Thigh muscles are more susceptible to age-related muscle loss when compared to lower leg and pelvic muscles. Experimental Gerontology, 175(1), Article 112159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2023.112159
    • Altintas, S., van Workum, S., Kok, M., Joosen, I. A. P. G., Versteylen, M. O., Nelemans, P. J., Wildberger, J. E., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Das, M., & Kietselaer, B. L. J. H. (2023). BMI is not independently associated with coronary artery calcification in a large single-center CT cohort. Obesity science & practice, 9(2), 172-178. https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.636
    • Nies, H. M. J. M., Gommers, S., Bijvoet, G. P., Heckman, L. I. B., Prinzen, F. W., Vogel, G., Van de Heyning, C. M., Chiribiri, A., Wildberger, J. E., Mihl, C., & Holtackers, R. J. (2023). Histopathological validation of semi-automated myocardial scar quantification techniques for dark-blood late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging, 24(3), 364-372. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeac107
    • Sartoretti, T., Mcdermott, M., Mergen, V., Euler, A., Schmidt, B., Jost, G., Wildberger, J., & Alkadhi, H. (2023). Photon- counting detector coronary CT angiography: impact of virtual monoenergetic imaging and iterative reconstruction on image quality. British Journal of Radiology, 96(1143), Article 20220466. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20220466
    • de Mooij, C. M., van Nijnatten, T. J. A., Goorts, B., Kooreman, L. F. S., Raymakers, I. W. M., van Meijl, S. P. L., de Boer, M., Keymeulen, K. B. M. I., Wildberger, J. E., Mottaghy, F. M., Lobbes, M. B. I., & Smidt, M. L. (2023). Prediction of Primary Tumour and Axillary Lymph Node Response to Neoadjuvant Chemo(Targeted) Therapy with Dedicated Breast [18F]FDG PET/MRI in Breast Cancer. Cancers, 15(2), Article 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020401
    • Nijssen, E. C., Nelemans, P. J., Rennenberg, R. J., van Ommen, G. V., & Wildberger, J. E. (2023). Long-term safety of withholding standard prophylaxis in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease. European Radiology, 33(1), 627-632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-022-08959-1
    • Neeter, L. M. F. H., Robbe, M. M. Q., van Nijnatten, T. J. A., Jochelson, M. S., Raat, H. P. J., Wildberger, J. E., Smidt, M. L., Nelemans, P. J., & Lobbes, M. B. I. (2023). Comparing the Diagnostic Performance of Contrast- Enhanced Mammography and Breast MRI: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Cancer, 14(1), 174-182. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.79747
    • Heuts, S., Schalla, S., Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., Bidar, E., Mihl, C., Wildberger, J. E., & Adriaans, B. P. (2023). Imaging surveillance for complications after primary surgery for type A aortic dissection. Heart, 109(2), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2022-320881
  • 2022
    • McDermott, M. C., Sartoretti, T., Mihl, C., Pietsch, H., Alkadhi, H., & Wildberger, J. E. (2022). Third-Generation Cardiovascular Phantom The Next Generation of Preclinical Research in Diagnostic Imaging. Investigative Radiology, 57(12), 834-840. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000894
    • Mergen, V., Sartoretti, T., Baer-Beck, M., Schmidt, B., Petersilka, M., Wildberger, J. E., Euler, A., Eberhard, M., & Alkadhi, H. (2022). Ultra-High-Resolution Coronary CT Angiography With Photon-Counting Detector CT Feasibility and Image Characterization. Investigative Radiology, 57(12), 780-788. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000897
    • Raafs, A. G., Adriaans, B. P., Henkens, M. T. H. M., Verdonschot, J. A. J., Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., Gommers, S., Hamid, M. A. A., Schalla, S., Knackstedt, C., van Empel, V. P. M., Hans-Peter, B., Wildberger, J. E., Bekkers, S. C. A. M., & Hazebroek, M. R. (2022). Myocardial Fibrosis Assessment Using T1 and ECV Mapping With Histologic Validation in Chronic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. JACC-Cardiovascular Imaging, 15(10), 1828-1830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.05.002
    • Bijvoet, G. P., Nies, H. M. J. M., Holtackers, R. J., Linz, D., Adriaans, B. P., Nijveldt, R., Wildberger, J. E., Vernooy, K., Chaldoupi, S.-M., & Mihl, C. (2022). Correlation between Cardiac MRI and Voltage Mapping in Evaluating Atrial Fibrosis: A Systematic Review. Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging, 4(5), Article e220061. https://doi.org/10.1148/ryct.220061
    • Arnoldussen, C. W. K. P., Notten, P., Brans, R., Vroegindeweij, D., Tick, L. W., van de Poel, M. H. W., Wikkeling, O. R. M., Vleming, L. J., Koster, A., Jie, K. S. G., Jacobs, E. M. G., Planken, N., Wittens, C. H. A., ten Cate, H., Wildberger, J. E., & ten Cate-Hoek, A. J. (2022). Clinical impact of assessing thrombus age using magnetic resonance venography prior to catheter-directed thrombolysis. European Radiology, 32(7), 4555-4564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-022-08599-5
    • Martens, B., Driessen, R. G. H., Brandts, L., Hoitinga, P., van Veen, F., Driessen, M., Weberndörfer, V., Kietselaer, B., Ghossein-Doha, C., Gietema, H. A., Vernooy, K., van der Horst, I. C. C., Wildberger, J. E., van Bussel, B. C. T., Mihl, C., & MaastrICCht Collaborators (2022). Coronary Artery Calcifications Are Associated With More Severe Multiorgan Failure in Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: Longitudinal Results of the Maastricht Intensive Care COVID Cohort. Journal of Thoracic Imaging, 37(4), 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1097/RTI.0000000000000648
    • Martens, B., Jost, G., Mihl, C., Nijssen, E. C., Wildberger, J. E., Schmidt, B., Flohr, T., & Pietsch, H. (2022). Individualized Scan Protocols in Abdominal Computed Tomography: Radiation Versus Contrast Media Dose Optimization. Investigative Radiology, 57(6), 353-358. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000844
    • van de Weijer, T., Broen, M. P. G., Moonen, R. P. M., Hoeben, A., Anten, M., Hovinga, K., Compter, I., van der Pol, J. A. J., Mitea, C., Lodewick, T. M., Jacquerie, A., Mottaghy, F. M., Wildberger, J. E., & Postma, A. A. (2022). The Use of 18F-FET-PET-MRI in Neuro-Oncology: The Best of Both Worlds-A Narrative Review. Diagnostics, 12(5), Article 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051202
    • Aizaz, M., van der Pol, J. A. J., Wierts, R., Zwart, H., van der Werf, A. J., Wildberger, J. E., Bucerius, J. A., Moonen, R. P. M., & Kooi, M. E. (2022). Evaluation of a Dedicated Radiofrequency Carotid PET/MRI Coil. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(9), Article 2569. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092569
    • Heuts, S., Adriaans, B. P., Kawczynski, M. J., Daemen, J. H. T., Natour, E., Lorusso, R., Schalla, S., Maessen, J. G., Wildberger, J. E., Jacobs, M. J., Rylski, B., & Bidar, E. (2022). Editor's Choice – Extending Aortic Replacement Beyond the Proximal Arch in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: A Meta-Analysis of Short Term Outcomes and Long Term Actuarial Survival. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 63(5), 674-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.12.045
    • Holtackers, R. J., Emrich, T., Botnar, R. M., Kooi, M. E., Wildberger, J. E., & Kreitner, K.-F. (2022). Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: From Basic Concepts to Emerging Methods. RöFo-Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der Bildgebenden Verfahren, 194(05), 491-504. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1718-4355
    • Juffermans, J. F., van Assen, H. C., te Kiefte, B. J. C., Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., van der Palen, R. L. F., van den Boogaard, P., Adriaans, B. P., Wildberger, J. E., Dekkers, I. A., Scholte, A. J. H. A., Schalla, S., Lamb, H. J., & Westenberg, J. J. M. (2022). 4D Flow MRI in Ascending Aortic Aneurysms: Reproducibility of Hemodynamic Parameters. Applied Sciences, 12(8), Article 3912. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12083912
    • Martens, B., Wildberger, J. E., Van Kuijk, S. M. J., De Vos-Geelen, J., Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N., & Mihl, C. (2022). Influence of Contrast Material Temperature on Patient Comfort and Image Quality in Computed Tomography of the Abdomen: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Investigative Radiology, 57(2), 85-89. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000807
    • Crombag, G. A. J. C., Aizaz, M., Schreuder, F. H. B. M., Benali, F., Van Dam-Nolen, D. H. K., Liem, M. I. L., Lucci, C., van der Steen, A. F., Daemen, M. J. A. P., Mess, W. H., van der Lugt, A., Nederkoorn, P. J., Hendrikse, J., Hofman, P. A. M., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., Wildberger, J. E., & Kooi, M. E. (2022). Proximal Region of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Shows More Intraplaque Hemorrhage: The Plaque at Risk Study. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 43(2), 265-271. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7384
    • Boswijk, E., de Ligt, M., Habets, M. F. J., Mingels, A. M. A., van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D., Mottaghy, F. M., Schrauwen, P., Wildberger, J. E., & Bucerius, J. (2022). Resveratrol treatment does not reduce arterial inflammation in males at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial. Nuklearmedizin, 61(01), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1585-7215
    • Martens, B., Bosschee, J. G. A., Van Kuijk, S. M. J., Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N., Brauer, M. T. H., Wildberger, J. E., & Mihl, C. (2022). Finding the optimal tube current and iterative reconstruction strength in liver imaging; two needles in one haystack. PLOS ONE, 17(4), Article e0266194. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266194
  • 2021
    • Adriaans, B. P., Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., Heuts, S., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Bekkers, S. C. A. M., Westenberg, J. J. M., Lamb, H. J., Wildberger, J. E., & Schalla, S. (2021). Determining the optimal interval for imaging surveillance of ascending aortic aneurysms. Netherlands Heart Journal, 29(12), 623-631. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-021-01564-9
    • Nijssen, E. C., & Wildberger, J. E. (2021). A novel risk score for contrast-associated acute kidney injury: the heart of the matter. Lancet, 398(10315), 1941-1943. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02445-4
    • Neeter, L. M. F. H., Raat, H. P. J., Meens-Koreman, S. D., van Stiphout, R. S. A., Timmermans, S. M. E. C., Duvivier, K. M., Smidt, M. L., Wildberger, J. E., Nelemans, P. J., & Lobbes, M. B. I. (2021). The diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced 2D mammography in everyday clinical use. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article 22224. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01622-7
    • Holtackers, R. J., Wildberger, J. E., Wintersperger, B. J., & Chiribiri, A. (2021). Impact of Field Strength in Clinical Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Investigative Radiology, 56(11), 764-772. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000809
    • Franks, R., Holtackers, R. J., Alskaf, E., Nazir, M. S., Clapp, B., Wildberger, J. E., Perera, D., Plein, S., & Chiribiri, A. (2021). The impact of dark-blood versus conventional bright-blood late gadolinium enhancement on the myocardial ischemic burden. European Journal of Radiology, 144, Article 109947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109947
    • van Eerd, M., Patijn, J., Loeffen, D., van Kleef, M., & Wildberger, J. (2021). The Diagnostic Value of an X-ray-based Scoring System for Degeneration of the Cervical Spine: A Reproducibility and Validation Study. Pain Practice, 21(7), 766-777. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.13013
    • Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., Adriaans, B. P., Juffermans, J. F., van Assen, H. C., Bekkers, S. C. A. M., Scholte, A. J. H. A., Kenjeres, S., Lamb, H. J., Wildberger, J. E., Westenberg, J. J. M., & Schalla, S. (2021). Characterization of Ascending Aortic Flow in Patients With Degenerative Aneurysms. Investigative Radiology, 56(8), 494-500. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000768
    • Bijvoet, G. P., Holtackers, R. J., Smink, J., Lloyd, T., van den Hombergh, C. L. M., Debie, L. J. B. M., Wildberger, J. E., Vernooy, K., Mihl, C., & Chaldoupi, S.-M. (2021). Transforming a pre-existing MRI environment into an interventional cardiac MRI suite. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 32(8), 2090-2096. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.15128
    • Holtackers, R. J., Van De Heyning, C. M., Chiribiri, A., Wildberger, J. E., Botnar, R. M., & Kooi, M. E. (2021). Dark-blood late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance for improved detection of subendocardial scar: a review of current techniques. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 23(1), Article 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-021-00777-6
    • Eijsvoogel, N. G., Hendriks, B. M. F., Kok, M., Mees, B. M. E., Mihl, C., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2021). Automated tube voltage selection and adapted contrast media injection protocols in CT angiography of the thoracoabdominal aorta. Chinese Journal of Academic Radiology, 4(2), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42058-021-00065-3
    • Ibrahim, A., Refaee, T., Primakov, S., Barufaldi, B., Acciavatti, R. J., Granzier, R. W. Y., Hustinx, R., Mottaghy, F. M., Woodruff, H. C., Wildberger, J. E., Lambin, P., & Maidment, A. D. A. (2021). Reply to Orlhac, F.; Buvat, I. Comment on "Ibrahim et al. The Effects of In-Plane Spatial Resolution on CT-Based Radiomic Features' Stability with and without ComBat Harmonization. Cancers 2021, 13, 1848". Cancers, 13(12), Article 3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123080
    • Mulder, M. M. G., Brandts, LI., Brüggemann, R. A. G., Koelmann, M., Streng, A. S., Olie, R. H., Gietema, H. A., Spronk, H. M. H., van der Horst, I. C. C., Sels, J.-W. E. M., Wildberger, J. E., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Schnabel, R. M., Ten Cate, H., Henskens, Y. M. C., & van Bussel, B. C. T. (2021). Serial markers of coagulation and inflammation and the occurrence of clinical pulmonary thromboembolism in mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection; the prospective Maastricht intensive care COVID cohort. Thrombosis Journal, 19(1), Article 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12959-021-00286-7
    • Holtackers, R. J., Gommers, S., Van De Heyning, C. M., Mihl, C., Smink, J., Higgins, D. M., Wildberger, J. E., & ter Bekke, R. M. A. (2021). Steadily Increasing Inversion Time Improves Blood Suppression for Free-Breathing 3D Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI With Optimized Dark-Blood Contrast. Investigative Radiology, 56(5), 335-340. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000747