Elham Bidar

Associate professor

Elham Bidar studied medicine at Maastricht University, within the problem-based learning (PBL) system, a philosophy he now strategically integrates into education, research, and clinical care. The PBL approach allowed him to begin early scientific research in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (CTC), resulting in a PhD in 2018, on the topic 'Assessment of the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of atrial fibrillation during and after cardiac surgery' supervised by Prof. Uli Schotten and Prof. Jos G. Maessen. 

Since 2019, he has served as a staff member in CTC at Maastricht UMC+, where he specializes in open and minimal invasive cardiovascular surgery including throacoscopic AF ablation and open aortic procedures.

As of April 2025, he is appointed Head of the Department of CTC at the Heart+Vascular Center and Chairman and Principal Investigator of the department at CARIM. 

Within the CARIM+HVC network, he fosters close collaborations between clinicians and basic scientists to address clinical challenges through transdisciplinary research, using open-heart surgery and the heart-lung machine as in vivo models. Key focus areas include electrophysiology, organ perfusion and mechanical circulatory support, and aortic pathology. 

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
P. Debeyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht
P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht

  • 2026
    • Aerts, L., Kawczynski, M. J., Luermans, J., Bidar, E., Linz, D., Kowalewski, M., Lorusso, R., Pison, L., La Meir, M., Maesen, B., & Heuts, S. (2026). Effectiveness of Catheter and Standalone Surgical Ablation Procedures for Atrial Fibrillation: A Bayesian-Network Meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 42(1), 136-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2025.10.018
  • 2025
    • Heuts, S., Kawczynski, M. J., Lemmens, M. J., Vernooy, K., Bidar, E., Flohr, T., Wildberger, J. E., Smulders, M. W., & Mihl, C. (2025). Accuracy of Photon-counting Detector CT Angiography for the Diagnosis of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Bayesian Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta-Analysis. Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging, 7(6), Article e250313. https://doi.org/10.1148/ryct.250313
    • Husen, T. F., Vidya, A. P., Heuts, S., Prasetyo, A., Nugroho, A. K. Z., Lorusso, R., Bidar, E., Maesen, B., & Sardari Nia, P. (2025). Comparative Study of Different Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement Techniques: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Interdisciplinary CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, 40(11), Article ivaf244. https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivaf244
    • Swinnen, B., Olsthoorn, J. R., Mihl, C., Smulders, M. W., Singh, S. K., van Brakel, T., van der Horst, I. C. C., Mingels, A. M. A., Myers, P. O., van 't Hof, A. W. J., Gorgels, A. P. M., Thielmann, M., De Caterina, R., Cerqueira, R. J., Bonaros, N., Oosterlinck, W., Jacobs, S., Lorusso, R., Bidar, E., ... Heuts, S. (2025). Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Current Clinical Practices and Future Perspectives. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 67(10), Article ezaf344. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezaf344
    • Kawczynski, M. J., Gilbers, M. D., Winters, J., Maesen, B., Isaacs, A., Linz, D., Rienstra, M., van Gelder, I., Maessen, J. G., Bidar, E., & Schotten, U. (2025). Right atrial endomysial fibrosis is associated with increased postoperative atrial fibrillation burden during 2.5 years of continuous rhythm monitoring after cardiac surgery including atrial arrhythmia surgery: RACE V Tissue Bank Study. EP Europace, 27(9), Article euaf207. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaf207
    • Coveliers, J., Meani, P., Huizinga, E., Gutta, K., Piccirillo, G., Gasparotti, E., Vignali, E., Mazzoli, M., Kowalewski, M., Huberts, W., Moradi, H., Di Mauro, M., Holtackers, R. J., de Jong, M., Gelsomino, S., Paparella, D., Celi, S., Haxhiademi, D., Körver, E., ... Lorusso, R. (2025). Large-scale computed tomography study of aortic arch and supra-aortic artery morphology: Variations and potential implications for arterial extracorporeal life support access. Perfusion. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/02676591251370074
    • Makhoul, M., Natour, N., Salmasi, M. Y., Jainandunsing, J. S., Slomka, A., Lorusso, R., Bidar, E., & Natour, E. (2025). Delayed Two-Stage Bentall Procedure: A Safe Technique of Redo Supra-Prosthetic Aortic Root Replacement. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(16), Article 5638. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165638
    • Ganizada, B. H., Reesink, K. D., Parikh, S., Saraber, P. J. M. H., Cleutjens, J. P., Isabella, A., Krebbekx, M. Q. E., Jaminon, A. M., Maassen, C. F. M., Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., Spronck, B., van der Laan, K., Koenen, R. R., Lorusso, R., Maessen, J. G., Bidar, E., & Schurgers, L. J. (2025). Loss of wall stress homeostasis in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm: histomorphometric insights into patient variants. The Journal of Physiology, 603(14), 3899-3922. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP288734
    • Kawczynski, M. J., van der Heijden, C. A. J., Maessen, J. G., Schotten, U., Kowalewski, M., Suwalski, P., Bidar, E., & Maesen, B. (2025). Early postoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with late mortality after cardiac surgery: a systematic review and reconstructed individual patient data meta-analysis. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 20(1), Article 265. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03504-9
    • Saraber, P., Bica, L., Reesink, K., Mees, B., Bidar, E., Schurger, L., & Heuts, S. (2025). The clinical relevance of the decelerating effect of angiotensin receptor blockers on aortic growth in Marfan patients; a Bayesian perspective. International Journal of Cardiology, 433, Article 133318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133318
    • Lemmens, M.-J. D. K., Heuts, S., Bidar, E., Wildberger, J. E., Mihl, C., & Smulders, M. W. (2025). Integrating Coronary Artery Assessment and Myocardial Late Enhancement Imaging With Photon-Counting Detector CT: Visualizing the Invisible. Circulation-Cardiovascular Imaging, 18(3), e017238. Article e017238. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.124.017238
    • Gilbers, M. D., Kawczynski, M. J., Bidar, E., Maesen, B., Isaacs, A., Winters, J., Linz, D., Rienstra, M., van Gelder, I., Maessen, J. G., & Schotten, U. (2025). Determinants and impact of postoperative atrial fibrillation burden during 2.5 years of continuous rhythm monitoring after cardiac surgery: Results from the RACE V prospective cohort study. Heart Rhythm, 22(3), 647-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.08.014
    • Kawczynski, M. J., Van Kuijk, S. M. J., Olsthoorn, J. R., Maessen, J. G., Kats, S., Bidar, E., & Heuts, S. (2025). The optimal annual case volume for acute type A aortic dissection surgery in relation to long-term outcomes. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 67(2), Article ezaf022. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezaf022
    • Isaacs, A., Zeemering, S., Winters, J., Batlle, M., Bidar, E., Boukens, B., Casadei, B., Chua, W., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Fabritz, L., Guasch, E., Hatem, S. N., Hermans, B., Kääb, S., Kawczynski, M., Maesen, B., Maessen, J., Mont, L., Sinner, M. F., ... Stoll, M. (2025). Lateral Atrial Expression Patterns Provide Insights into Local Transcription Disequilibrium Contributing to Disease Susceptibility. Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine, 18(1), Article e004594. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGEN.124.004594
    • Parikh, S., Wehrens, A., Giudici, A., Ganizada, B., Saraber, P., Schurgers, L., Debeij, G., Natour, E., Maessen, J., Huberts, W., Delhaas, T., Reesink, K., & Bidar, E. (2025). Interpretation of intra-operative strain differences in ascending thoracic aortic repair patients. Journal of Biomechanics, 179, Article 112447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112447
  • 2024
    • Aerts, L., Kawczynski, M. J., Bidar, E., Luermans, J., Chaldoupi, M., La Meir, M., Kowaleski, M., Maessen, J. G., Heuts, S., & Maesen, B. (2024). Short- and long-term outcomes in isolated vs. hybrid thoracoscopic ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and reconstructed individual patient data meta-analysis. EP Europace, 26(10), Article euae232. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euae232
    • Parikh, S., Giudici, A., Huberts, W., Delhaas, T., Bidar, E., Spronck, B., & Reesink, K. (2024). Significance of Dynamic Axial Stretching on Estimating Biomechanical Behavior and Properties of the Human Ascending Aorta. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 52(9), 2485-2495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-024-03537-6
    • Heuts, S., Bova, R., Romeo, J. L. R., Vriesendorp, P. A., Van Der Horst, I. C. C., Segers, P., Maessen, J. G., Gollman-Tepeköylü, C., Van 't Hof, A. W. J., Bidar, E., & Lux, A. (2024). The prognostic impact of unplanned invasive coronary angiography following coronary artery bypass grafting. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 66(2), Article ezae304. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezae304
    • Winters, J., Kawczynski, M. J., Gilbers, M. D., Isaacs, A., Zeemering, S., Bidar, E., Maesen, B., Rienstra, M., van Gelder, I., Verheule, S., Maessen, J. G., & Schotten, U. (2024). Circulating BMP10 Levels Associate With Late Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Left Atrial Endomysial Fibrosis. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, 10(7), 1326-1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2024.03.003
    • Kaur, H., Tao, B., Silverman, M., Healey, J. S., Belley-Cote, E. P., Islam, S., Whitlock, R. P., Devereaux, P. J., Conen, D., Bidar, E., Kawczynski, M., Ayala-Paredes, F., Ayala-Valani, L., Sandgren, E., El-Chami, M., Jorgensen, T. H., Thyregod, H. G., Sabbag, A., & McIntyre, W. F. (2024). Recurrence of new-onset post-operative AF after cardiac surgery detected by implantable loop recorders: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology, 404, Article 131930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131930
    • Ganizada, B. H., J. A. Veltrop, R., Akbulut, A. C., Koenen, R. R., Accord, R., Lorusso, R., Maessen, J. G., Reesink, K., Bidar, E., & Schurgers, L. J. (2024). Unveiling cellular and molecular aspects of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Basic Research in Cardiology, 119(3), 371-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-024-01053-1
    • Gilbers, M. D., Kawczynski, M. J., Bidar, E., Maesen, B., Isaacs, A., Winters, J., Linz, D., Rienstra, M., van Gelder, I., Maessen, J. G., & Schotten, U. (2024). Clinical Predictors of Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation During 2.5 Years After Cardiac Surgery: Prospective RACE V Cohort. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, 10(5), 941-955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2024.01.013
    • van der Heijden, C. A. J., Adriaans, B. P., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Luermans, J. G. L. M., Chaldoupi, S.-M., Maessen, J. G., Bidar, E., & Maesen, B. (2024). Left atrial function of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing thoracoscopic hybrid ablation. Interdisciplinary CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, 38(4), Article ivae061. https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivae061
    • van der Heijden, C. A. J., Aerts, L., Chaldoupi, S.-M., van Cruchten, C., Kawczynski, M., Heuts, S., Bidar, E., Luermans, J. G. L. M., & Maesen, B. (2024). Hybrid atrial fibrillation ablation. Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 13(1), 54-70. https://doi.org/10.21037/acs-2023-afm-0129
  • 2023
    • den Os, O. E., Nielen, R., & Bidar, E. (2023). Myosteatosis as a Prognostic Marker for Postoperative Mortality in Adult Patients Undergoing Surgery in General—A Systematic Review. Surgeries, 4(4), 647-664. https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries4040062
    • Winters, J., Isaacs, A., Zeemering, S., Kawczynski, M., Maesen, B., Maessen, J., Bidar, E., Boukens, B., Hermans, B., van Hunnik, A., Casadei, B., Fabritz, L., Chua, W., Sommerfeld, L., Guasch, E., Mont, L., Batlle, M., Hatem, S., Kirchhof, P., ... Schotten, U. (2023). Heart Failure, Female Sex, and Atrial Fibrillation Are the Main Drivers of Human Atrial Cardiomyopathy: Results From the CATCH ME Consortium. Journal of the American Heart Association, 12(22), Article e031220. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.123.031220
    • Kawczynski, M. J., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Olsthoorn, J. R., Maessen, J. G., Kats, S., Bidar, E., & Heuts, S. (2023). Type A aortic dissection: optimal annual case volume for surgery. European Heart Journal, 44(41), 4357-4372. Article ehad551. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad551
    • Debeij, G. P., Parikh, S., Delhaas, T., Bidar, E., & Reesink, K. D. (2023). Evidence in Clinical Studies for the Role of Wall Thickness in Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: A Scoping Review. Bioengineering, 10(8), Article 882. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10080882
    • Ganizada, B. H., Reesink, K. D., Parikh, S., Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., Akbulut, A. C., Saraber, P. J. M. H., Debeij, G. P., Jaminon, A. M., Natour, E., Lorusso, R., Wildberger, J. E., Mees, B., Schurink, G. W., Jacobs, M. J., Cleutjens, J., Krapels, I., Gombert, A., Maessen, J. G., Accord, R., ... MUMC TAA Student Team (2023). The Maastricht Acquisition Platform for Studying Mechanisms of Cell-Matrix Crosstalk (MAPEX): An Interdisciplinary and Systems Approach towards Understanding Thoracic Aortic Disease. Biomedicines, 11(8), Article 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082095
    • Parikh, S., Moerman, K. M., Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., Schalla, S., Bidar, E., Delhaas, T., Reesink, K., & Huberts, W. (2023). Biomechanical Characterisation of Thoracic Ascending Aorta with Preserved Pre-Stresses. Bioengineering, 10(7), Article 846. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10070846
    • van der Heijden, C. A. J., Weberndörfer, V., Vroomen, M., Luermans, J. G., Chaldoupi, S. M., Bidar, E., Vernooy, K., Maessen, J. G., Pison, L., van Kuijk, S. M. J., La Meir, M., Crijns, H. J. G. M., & Maesen, B. (2023). Hybrid Ablation Versus Repeated Catheter Ablation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, 9(7), 1013-1023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2022.12.011
    • van der Heijden, C. A. J., Weberndorfer, V., Vroomen, M., Luermans, J. G., Chaldoupi, S.-M., Bidar, E., Vernooy, K., Maessen, J. G., Pison, L., van Kuijk, S. M. J., La Meir, M., Crijns, H. J. G. M., & Maesen, B. (2023). REPLY: Hybrid Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The Approach Matters. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, 9(7), 1195-1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2023.03.018
    • Parise, O., Parise, G., Vaidyanathan, A., Occhipinti, M., Gharaviri, A., Tetta, C., Bidar, E., Maesen, B., Maessen, J. G., La Meir, M., & Gelsomino, S. (2023). Machine Learning to Identify Patients at Risk of Developing New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 10(2), Article 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10020082
    • Heuts, S., Schalla, S., Ramaekers, M. J. F. G., Bidar, E., Mihl, C., Wildberger, J. E., & Adriaans, B. P. (2023). Imaging surveillance for complications after primary surgery for type A aortic dissection. Heart, 109(2), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2022-320881
  • 2022
    • Beghi, S., Furmanik, M., Jaminon, A., Veltrop, R., Rapp, N., Wichapong, K., Bidar, E., Buschini, A., & Schurgers, L. J. (2022). Calcium Signalling in Heart and Vessels: Role of Calmodulin and Downstream Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. International journal of molecular sciences, 23(24), Article 16139. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232416139
    • Zeemering, S., Isaacs, A., Winters, J., Maesen, B., Bidar, E., Dimopoulou, C., Guasch, E., Batlle, M., Haase, D., Hatem, S. N., Kara, M., Kääb, S., Mont, L., Sinner, M. F., Wakili, R., Maessen, J., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Fabritz, L., Kirchhof, P., ... Schotten, U. (2022). Atrial fibrillation in the presence and absence of heart failure enhances expression of genes involved in cardiomyocyte structure, conduction properties, fibrosis, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Heart Rhythm, 19(12), 2115-2124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.08.019
    • van der Heijden, C. A. J., Weberndörfer, V., Luermans, J. G. L. M., Chaldoupi, M., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Vroomen, M., Bidar, E., Maessen, J. G., Pison, L., La Meir, M., & Maesen, B. (2022). Hybrid ablation of atrial fibrillation: A unilateral left-sided thoracoscopic approach. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 37(12), 4630-4638. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.17144
    • van der Heijden, C. A. J., Segers, P., Masud, A., Weberndörfer, V., Chaldoupi, S.-M., Luermans, J. G. L. M., Bijvoet, G. P., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Barenbrug, P. J. C., Maessen, J. G., Bidar, E., & Maesen, B. (2022). Unilateral Left-sided Thoracoscopic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Concomitant to Minimally Invasive Bypass Grafting of the Left Anterior Descending Artery. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 62(5), Article ezac409. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezac409
    • Ganizada, B., Heuts, S., Willems, C., Cortenraad, I., Tunnissen, W., Maessen, J. G., Bidar, E., & Natour, E. (2022). Aortic root replacement in severe left ventricular dysfunction: The added value of beating-heart surgery. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 37(11), 3984-3987. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.16879
    • Moula, A. I., Romeo, J. L. R., Parise, G., Parise, O., Maessen, J. G., Natour, E., Bidar, E., & Gelsomino, S. (2022). The evolution of arch surgery: Frozen elephant trunk or conventional elephant trunk?Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9, Article 999314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.999314
    • Kawczynski, M. J., Van De Walle, S., Maesen, B., Isaacs, A., Zeemering, S., Hermans, B., Vernooy, K., Maessen, J. G., Schotten, U., & Bidar, E. (2022). Preoperative P-wave parameters and risk of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of 20,201 patients. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, 35(4), Article ivac220. https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivac220
    • van der Heijden, C. A. J., Bidar, E., & Maesen, B. (2022). Concomitant arrhythmia surgery should be a standard procedure in AF patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 37(10), 3014-3015. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.16778
    • Petsophonsakul, P., Burgmaier, M., Willems, B., Heeneman, S., Stadler, N., Gremse, F., Reith, S., Burgmaier, K., Kahles, F., Marx, N., Natour, E., Bidar, E., Jacobs, M., Mees, B., Reutelingsperger, C., Furmanik, M., & Schurgers, L. (2022). Nicotine promotes vascular calcification via intracellular Ca2+-mediated, Nox5-induced oxidative stress and extracellular vesicle release in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovascular Research, 118(9), 2196-2210. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvab244
    • Heuts, S., Kawczynski, M. J., Maessen, J. G., & Bidar, E. (2022). Does early surgery result in improved long-term survival compared to watchful waiting in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic regurgitation with preserved ejection fraction?Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, 35(2), Article ivac080. https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivac080
    • Verhaert, D. V. M., Linz, D., Chaldoupi, S. M., Westra, S. W., den Uijl, D. W., Philippens, S., Kerperien, M., Habibi, Z., Vorstermans, B., ter Bekke, R. M. A., Beukema, R. J., Evertz, R., Hemels, M. E. W., Luermans, J. G. L. M., Manusama, R., Lankveld, T. A. R., van der Heijden, C. A. J., Bidar, E., Hermans, B. M., ... Schotten, U. (2022). Rationale and Design of the ISOLATION Study: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study Identifying Predictors for Successful Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in an Integrated Clinical Care and Research Pathway. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9, Article 879139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.879139
    • Kawczynski, M. J., Zeemering, S., Gilbers, M., Isaacs, A., Verheule, S., Zink, M. D., Maesen, B., Bramer, S., Van Gelder, I. C., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Schotten, U., & Bidar, E. (2022). New-onset perioperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery patients: transient trouble or persistent problem?-Authors' reply. EP Europace, 24(6), 1037-1038. Article 317. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euab317
    • Heuts, S., Adriaans, B. P., Kawczynski, M. J., Daemen, J. H. T., Natour, E., Lorusso, R., Schalla, S., Maessen, J. G., Wildberger, J. E., Jacobs, M. J., Rylski, B., & Bidar, E. (2022). Editor's Choice – Extending Aortic Replacement Beyond the Proximal Arch in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: A Meta-Analysis of Short Term Outcomes and Long Term Actuarial Survival. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 63(5), 674-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.12.045
    • van der Heijden, C. A. J., Verheule, S., Olsthoorn, J. R., Mihl, C., Poulina, L., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Heuts, S., Maessen, J. G., Bidar, E., & Maesen, B. (2022). Postoperative atrial fibrillation and atrial epicardial fat: Is there a link?IJC Heart and Vasculature, 39, Article 100976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.100976
    • Maesen, B., van der Heijden, C. A. J., Bidar, E., Vos, R., Athanasiou, T., & Maessen, J. G. (2022). Patient-reported quality of life after stand-alone and concomitant arrhythmia surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, 34(3), 339-348. Article 282. https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivab282